What are the functional groups within citric acid?
Citric acid contains several functional groups, including:
1. Carboxylic acid group (-COOH): This is the main functional group in citric acid, which imparts acidity and allows it to act as a weak acid.
2. Hydroxyl groups (-OH): Citric acid has three hydroxyl groups, each attached to a carbon atom. These hydroxyl groups contribute to the acid's solubility in water and enable it to form hydrogen bonds.
3. Ketone group (=O): Citric acid contains a ketone group in its structure. This group is responsible for the compound's reactivity and involvement in certain chemical reactions.
4. Alcohol group (-OH): Citric acid has a single alcohol group, which is attached to one of the carbon atoms. This hydroxyl functionality can participate in various chemical reactions.
Overall, the carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups are the most notable functional groups in citric acid. These groups give citric acid its acidic properties and make it a versatile compound used in various applications, such as food and beverage preservation, cleaning products, and pharmaceutical formulations.