the construction of New York city's Empire State Building
The construction of the Empire State Building started in the early 1930s, specifically in 1930, and was completed in 1931. The project was led by a team of architects and engineers, including William F. Lamb from the architectural firm, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, and general contractors Starrett Brothers and Eken.
Here is a general timeline of the construction process:
1. Design and Planning: The architectural plans were drawn up within a short period of just a few weeks. The design team, led by William F. Lamb, came up with the concept of a setback tower, which allowed for additional office space on upper floors, while conforming to zoning regulations. The design also incorporated Art Deco elements.
2. Excavation and Foundation: Construction began with the excavation of the site, which was located on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 34th Street in Midtown Manhattan. The site was cleared, and steel-framed wooden forms were built to hold the concrete foundation in place. The foundation was then poured in late 1930.
3. Steel Structure: After the foundation was completed, the construction team began erecting the steel framework. The Empire State Building was one of the first skyscrapers to use a framework entirely made of steel, allowing for faster and more efficient construction. The steel beams were hoisted into place using the innovative "fast-track" building technique, which allowed multiple floors to be constructed simultaneously.
4. Cladding and Interior Work: As the steel structure rose, workers began installing the limestone cladding on the exterior of the building. Limestone was chosen for its durability and aesthetic appeal. Meanwhile, the interior work began, including the installation of elevator shafts, plumbing, electrical systems, and other necessary infrastructure.
5. Rivalry with the Chrysler Building: During construction, there was intense competition between the Empire State Building and the nearby Chrysler Building, which was also being built at the time. The two buildings were in a race to become the tallest in the world. The Empire State Building eventually claimed the title upon completion.
6. Completion and Opening: The construction of the Empire State Building was completed after just one year and 45 days. It was officially opened on May 1, 1931, by President Herbert Hoover, who pressed a button in Washington, D.C. to turn on the building's lights remotely.
The Empire State Building remains an iconic landmark of New York City and has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Its construction represented a remarkable engineering feat for its time, achieved through innovative construction techniques and a dedicated workforce.