Who became land owners in exchange for services in the feudal system?

In the feudal system, individuals known as vassals became landowners in exchange for services provided to a higher-ranking lord or monarch. The vassals would pledge their loyalty, military support, and other forms of service to the lord, and in return, they were granted the use and control of land. This land was typically known as a fief, and it could vary in size depending on the specific arrangement between the lord and the vassal.