2. What are some examples of geoscience processes that can change features of the earth’s surface?
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- Erosion: The process of wearing away Earth's surface by wind, water, or ice. This can create features such as canyons, valleys, and cliffs.
- Weathering: The breaking down of rocks and minerals on Earth's surface due to exposure to the atmosphere and elements. This can lead to the formation of new soil and change the shape and texture of the land.
- Plate Tectonics: The movement and interaction of Earth's tectonic plates. This can cause the formation of mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic activity, which can significantly alter the geography of the land.
- Glaciation: The process of glaciers eroding and shaping the land as they move. This can create features such as u-shaped valleys, moraines, and fjords.
- Deposition: The process of sediment and other materials being laid down in a new location. This can lead to the formation of deltas, sand dunes, and alluvial fans.
- Volcanism: The eruption of molten rock onto Earth's surface. This can create new landforms such as volcanoes, lava flows, and volcanic mountains.
- Mass wasting: The movement of rock, soil, and debris downslope due to gravity. This can result in features like landslides, avalanches, and slump scars.
- Groundwater erosion: The dissolution and removal of rocks and minerals by groundwater, leading to the formation of sinkholes, caves, and underground caverns.