When a program written in Python is running, the computer can understand:

the Python code, including comments.
the Python code but not the comments.
the interpreter language.
machine language only.

When a program written in Python is running, the computer can understand the Python code but not the comments. The comments are meant for human readers and are not processed or executed by the computer during runtime. The computer executes the Python code by interpreting it into machine language instructions through the Python interpreter.