Renal insufficiency
Renal insufficiency, also known as kidney insufficiency or kidney failure, refers to the decreased function of the kidneys to adequately filter and remove waste products and excess fluids from the body. This condition can be acute or chronic.
Acute renal insufficiency occurs suddenly and is often reversible if the underlying cause is treated promptly. It can be caused by factors such as severe dehydration, urinary tract obstruction, kidney infection, or exposure to certain medications or toxins.
Chronic renal insufficiency, on the other hand, develops gradually over a period of time and is usually irreversible. It is most often caused by conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, or congenital kidney abnormalities.
The symptoms of renal insufficiency can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include fatigue, fluid retention, edema (swelling), increased or decreased urine output, confusion, nausea, shortness of breath, and anemia. If left untreated, renal insufficiency can progress to end-stage renal disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.
Management of renal insufficiency involves identifying and treating the underlying cause, reducing symptoms, and slowing the progression of kidney damage. Treatment options may include medication to control blood pressure and manage symptoms, dietary changes to reduce stress on the kidneys, and dialysis or kidney transplant for those with end-stage renal disease.
It is important for individuals with renal insufficiency to work closely with their healthcare team to monitor their kidney function, manage their condition, and make necessary lifestyle changes to improve their overall health.