Describe some effects of the rise of communism in the Soviet Union.
(4 points)
1. Political repression: The rise of communism in the Soviet Union led to a strong centralization of power under the Communist Party. This resulted in political repression, where dissenting voices were silenced, and opposition parties were banned. The state security apparatus, such as the secret police (NKVD), was strengthened to suppress any perceived threats to the regime. Political opponents, intellectuals, and perceived enemies of the state were arrested, imprisoned, or executed under Joseph Stalin's rule.
2. Economic collectivization: Communism in the Soviet Union also resulted in the collectivization of agriculture and industry. Private farms were forcibly collectivized into large collective farms known as kolkhozes, and private businesses were nationalized. This led to the consolidation of economic power in the hands of the state. The implementation of collectivization was often harsh and resulted in widespread famine, as peasants resisted giving up their private lands and livestock.
3. Planned economy: The communist ideology promoted a planned economy, where the state controlled the means of production and distribution. The Soviet Union implemented Five-Year Plans, which set targets for industrial production and agricultural output. The government had significant control over the allocation of resources, setting production quotas, and determining prices. While the country achieved rapid industrialization and scientific advancements, there were significant inefficiencies and shortages due to the lack of market competition and central control.
4. Cold War tensions: The rise of communism in the Soviet Union led to increased tensions between the Soviet Union and the Western capitalist powers, particularly the United States. The ideological divide between communism and capitalism fueled the Cold War, a period of intense political, economic, and military rivalry between the two blocs. This led to proxy wars, arms races, and the division of the world into two opposing spheres of influence. The rise of communism in the Soviet Union played a pivotal role in shaping global politics during the 20th century.