The main theme of "Call of the Wild" by Jack London is the struggle between civilization and the wild. Throughout the novel, the protagonist Buck undergoes a transformation as he is taken from a comfortable domesticated life in California to the harsh and primitive environment of the Klondike during the Gold Rush. As Buck adapts to the wild, his instincts become dominant, and he is drawn to the call of his ancestral roots. The novel explores the idea that the instinctual and primal nature of animals is often in conflict with the civilized and societal expectations and norms placed upon them. Additionally, other themes in the novel include survival, the natural world, and the bond between humans and animals. Overall, "Call of the Wild" examines the conflict and connection between civilization and the wilderness and the instinctual drive within all living beings.
