What is the difference between angiosperm,
gymnosperm,ptedryophyta and bryophyta.
Angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes are all types of plants, but they have distinct characteristics that differentiate them:
1. Angiosperms: Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit. They are the most diverse and dominant group of plants, with over 300,000 known species. Angiosperms have specialized reproductive organs called flowers, which contain both male and female parts. They undergo double fertilization, resulting in the formation of fruits that protect and disperse the seeds.
2. Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are non-flowering seed plants that produce seeds in cones. Unlike angiosperms, their seeds are not enclosed in a fruit. The most common examples of gymnosperms are conifers, such as pine, spruce, and fir trees. Gymnosperms have separate male and female cones, and the male cones release pollen that fertilizes the eggs present in the female cones.
3. Pteridophytes: Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce and disperse through spores instead of seeds. Common examples of pteridophytes include ferns, horsetails, and clubmosses. They have specialized tissues for the transport of water and nutrients, known as vascular tissues. Pteridophytes do not produce flowers or fruits.
4. Bryophytes: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Bryophytes reproduce and disperse through spores like pteridophytes, and they require moist environments to survive. They have a simple structure and are usually found in damp habitats.
In summary, angiosperms have flowers and their seeds are enclosed in fruits, gymnosperms have cones and their seeds are not enclosed, pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce through spores, and bryophytes are non-vascular plants that also reproduce through spores.