Which of the following accurately lists the key features of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin civilizations?
The key features of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin civilizations include:
Olmec Civilization:
1. Location: Mesoamerica (present-day Mexico).
2. Time period: 1200 BCE - 400 BCE.
3. Known for colossal stone heads and other monumental sculptures.
4. Developed a complex social and political system.
5. Expert agriculturalists, cultivated maize, beans, and squash.
6. Constructed ceremonial centers and pyramid-like structures.
7. Engaged in long-distance trade, including the exchange of jade and obsidian.
Zapotec Civilization:
1. Location: Oaxaca Valley in southern Mexico.
2. Time period: 500 BCE - 800 CE.
3. Developed a sophisticated urban civilization.
4. Known for the city of Monte Albán, a political and economic center.
5. Constructed monumental architecture, including pyramids, palaces, and ball courts.
6. Developed a hieroglyphic writing system (one of the earliest in Mesoamerica).
7. Highly skilled in pottery, weaving, and metallurgy.
8. Had a stratified society with a ruling elite and commoners.
Chavin Civilization:
1. Location: Andean highlands of Peru.
2. Time period: 900 BCE - 200 BCE.
3. Developed a religious and cultural center at Chavín de Huántar.
4. Known for its distinctive and elaborate stone architecture.
5. Worshiped a complex pantheon of deities, including the jaguar and the condor.
6. Engaged in long-distance trade, including coca leaves, obsidian, and gold.
7. Developed influential artistic style characterized by intricate carvings and ceramic pottery.