Question 31
Read the passage about stem cells.
Present in all kinds of tissues, stem cells have the unique ability to develop into other kinds of cells if necessary. An organism's stem cells can transform into brain cells, blood cells, muscle cells, or any other specialized cell found in the organism. Planarian worms have an extremely high stem cell count throughout their bodies.
Which answer best describes an advantage to a planarian worm from having a high stem cell count?
a
a planarian worm's cells can never truly die
b
planarian worms can adapt to any environmental changes
c
planarian worms are able to evolve faster than other organisms
d
a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another
Question 32
The process by which cells get a small amount of energy without using oxygen is called anaerobic cellular respiration.
True
False
Question 33
The illustration below represents the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy-production and energy-transfer needs of an organism.
What cellular process is taking place?
a
The cellular process is glucose production.
b
The cellular process is respiration.
c
The cellular process is photosynthesis.
d
The cellular process is water storage.
Question 34
The idea of creating and selling hybridized corn seed began with G.H. Shull in the early 1900s. Shull was a respected geneticist that recognized the importance of corn as a cash crop. He developed "hybrid" corn varieties, grew them, determined how much each type produced in a growing season, then set out to offer his new product to farmers across the United States. Shull had no idea that his process of creating better plants through scientific experimentation would go down in history as a successful example of biotechnology at work.
Not only was the human population of the United States growing at this time, the livestock population was also increasing rapidly. Many farmers relied on corn to feed their herds as well as pay their bills. Shull's hybrid seeds had come along at the right time. Soon, private businesses and government agencies began their own research projects to develop seed corn with high yields. They also saw a need for corn varieties that were more tolerant of dry conditions, poor quality soil, and pests. Some hybrid varieties produced more corn during the years of the Dust Bowl, a drought that occurred from 1934-1940, than they did in years with normal rainfall. Of course, farmers still using traditional corn seed did not experience the same results.
Today, producers of hybrid corn seed have branched out in terms of the products they offer. When farmers order seeds, they can also purchase herbicides to remove weeds from their fields, fertilizers, and computer analysis software to track corn production. The research of G.H. Shull nearly 100 years ago has created a multi-billion dollar industry that survived and thrived despite world war and drought.
Considering information given in the passage and data found in the graph, select the response below that supports the argument that biotechnology has had a positive impact on both society and the United States' economy.
a
Shull's hybrid corn seeds created a new type of science in the United States—biotechnology. After the success of his seeds, other individuals entered the field and created their own hybrids. This caused the industry to grow and gave farmers a bigger selection of seeds from which to choose. Today, farmers can purchase everything they need for a successful corn crop from their seed distributors. The hybrid seed industry in the United States makes billions of dollars each year.
b
From 1866 to 2011, farmers produced many bushels of corn each year. They could have produced more corn if weather conditions had been favorable. The drought during the Dust Bowl was hard on farmers growing corn. Hybrid corn seeds had no effect on corn production. The impact on society and the economy were small compared with the impact of the Dust Bowl droughts.
c
Shull developed hybrid corn seed about 100 years ago. Some farmers bought the seed when it was first produced, but others did not. Farmers would have grown corn either way. Hybrid corn seed did not have an effect on corn production overall. It helped the economy by making more money for Shull and other scientists that produced hybrid corn seeds.
d
Shull's creation of hybrid corn seed allowed farmers to produce more corn consistently throughout the years. Overall, the number of bushels harvested each year trends higher, as shown in the graph, between 1918 and 2011. Increased corn production meant more income for the farmers, which allowed them to take better care of their families and farms. Hybrid seed performed, even during the Dust Bowl, when non-hybrid farmers struggled to produce corn.
Question 35
The intelligence of a person has no correlation with his/her height. Which of Mendel's principles does this illustrate?
a
Law of Independent Assortment
b
Law of Dominance
c
Law of Segregation
d
Conservation of Gametic Alleloploidy
Question 36
Look at the image below.
Image
What term describes this process occurring in Prophase I?
a
replication
b
crossing over
c
binary fission
d
independent assortment
Question 37
Scientists who study meiosis are most likely trying to answer which question?
a
What causes asexually reproducing organisms to be diverse?
b
What enables the creation of unique genetic combinations?
c
Which bacteria are most beneficial to humans?
d
How can damaged tissues be repaired?
Question 38
A pedigree can be used to
a
determinie whether a trait is inherited.
b
show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c
determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d
all of the above
Question 39
A male Chaluadon is homozygous recessive for both crested heads (h) and spotted coloration (c). He is crossed with a female who is homozyous dominant (smooth head and solid color for both traits). What are the genotypes of these exotic reptiles? (male - female)
a
hchc - HcHc
b
HHCC - hhcc
c
hhcc - HHCC
d
hhCC - HHCC
Question 40
This human karyotype is unusual because chromosome set –
a
21 has an extra chromosome
b
5 has chromosomes of different shapes
c
10 is missing genetic material
d
14 has enlarged centromeres
31. d) a whole new planarian worm can grow from a tiny piece of another
32. True
33. b) The cellular process is respiration.
34. a) Shull's hybrid corn seeds created a new type of science in the United States—biotechnology. After the success of his seeds, other individuals entered the field and created their own hybrids. This caused the industry to grow and gave farmers a bigger selection of seeds from which to choose. Today, farmers can purchase everything they need for a successful corn crop from their seed distributors. The hybrid seed industry in the United States makes billions of dollars each year.
35. a) Law of Independent Assortment
36. b) crossing over
37. b) What enables the creation of unique genetic combinations?
38. d) all of the above
39. b) HHCC - hhcc
40. a) 21 has an extra chromosome