What is Progressivism and how did it originate?
Name and understand the groups and individuals that were influential during the Progressive Movement.
Know prominent African-American leaders during this time- what were their goals and what groups did they establish.
Progressivism refers to a political and reform movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. It aimed to address social, economic, and political issues prevalent during the industrialization era and promote reforms in various aspects of society to create a more just and equitable country.
The Progressive Movement originated in response to the rapid changes brought about by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration, which led to issues such as corruption, poverty, labor exploitation, and political inequality. The movement sought to address these problems through various means, including government regulation, social activism, and grassroots organizing.
Several influential groups and individuals played a crucial role in shaping the Progressive Movement:
1. The National Progressive Party: Also known as the Bull Moose Party, it was formed by President Theodore Roosevelt, who had progressive aspirations regarding labor, conservation, and regulation of big business.
2. The American Federation of Labor (AFL): Led by Samuel Gompers, AFL fought for the rights of workers, including higher wages, shorter working hours, and improved working conditions.
3. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, this organization aimed to fight racial inequality, discrimination, and violence against African Americans.
4. The National Women's Suffrage Association: Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, it advocated for women's suffrage, eventually leading to the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote.
5. The Social Gospel Movement: Led by Walter Rauschenbusch, this group sought to address social injustices and improve the lives of the poor by promoting Christian ethics and charity work.
During the Progressive Era, several prominent African-American leaders emerged with the goal of fighting racial discrimination and securing civil rights for African Americans. Some of these leaders and the groups they established include:
1. Booker T. Washington: He was the founder of the Tuskegee Institute, which provided vocational training for African Americans and emphasized economic self-reliance and education as a means to overcome racial barriers.
2. W.E.B. Du Bois: Du Bois was a prominent civil rights activist, scholar, and writer. He became a co-founder of the NAACP and advocated for full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans.
3. Ida B. Wells: Wells was a journalist and activist who fought against lynching and campaigned for women's suffrage. She played a crucial role in documenting and exposing the horrors of lynching through her investigative journalism.
4. Marcus Garvey: Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and advocated for Black nationalism, economic independence, and the repatriation of African Americans to Africa.
The goals of these African-American leaders were centered around achieving racial equality, confronting racial violence, gaining access to education and jobs, and securing political and civil rights for African Americans. They challenged racial segregation, fought against racial discrimination, and sought to uplift the Black community through economic empowerment and educational opportunities.