what power can declare war and maintain the military? in the us
In the United States, the power to declare war and maintain the military is divided among multiple branches of government. According to the U.S. Constitution, here's how it works:
1. Congress: The power to declare war is vested in the hands of the U.S. Congress, specifically in Article I, Section 8, Clause 11. This means that only Congress has the authority to formally declare war. However, the United States has not declared war since World War II, and most military actions have been authorized by Congress through other means, such as passing resolutions or authorizing the use of military force.
2. President: While the President does not possess the power to declare war, they are the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. military. As the head of the executive branch, the President has the authority to initiate military actions, send troops into combat, and take necessary measures to protect the country. However, the President must seek congressional approval for any prolonged military engagement or if they wish to declare war.
3. Department of Defense (DoD): The Department of Defense is responsible for maintaining the military forces in the United States. It is headed by a civilian Secretary of Defense, who is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The DoD oversees and manages the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and other defense agencies.
It's important to note that while the power to declare war and maintain the military is divided, the system encourages collaboration and checks and balances between the different branches of government to ensure responsible use of military force.