MIDDLE AMERICA UNIT TEST ANSWERS
1. They had pyramids and palaces in their centers.
2. on a small island in a shallow lake.
3. They built a strong defense that protected Lake Texcoco from invasion.
4. They enslaved both men and women and let most die from overwork and starvation.
5. highland areas where temperatures are cooler
6. The agreement caused both exports and imports to increase over time.
7. Rain washes pesticides off crops and into rivers, which eventually flow into the ocean.
8. Social issues helped lead to the creation and growth of reggae music.
9 (in order). dictatorship, command
10. the impact of deforestation
11. pollution from burning fossil fuels
12. The people of Middle America realized they could grow crops for a more reliable food supply.
13. nobles
14. weapons, diseases
15. Mexico had many leaders competing for power who did not agree on how to govern.
16. The United States placed an embargo on trade with Cuba.
17 (in order). peninsulares, creoles, mulattoes, american indians
18. Mexico's economy is much larger and diverse than the economies in Central America.
19. Residents lack access to the internet.
20, 21, 22, 23: write your own answer!
20. What was the significance of the Mayans' use of pyramids and palaces in their centers?
The pyramids and palaces served as religious and ceremonial centers for the Mayans. They were used for rituals, sacrifices, and as observatories for celestial events. These structures symbolized the power and authority of the ruling elite and were central to Mayan society and culture.
21. How did the location of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, contribute to its defense?
Tenochtitlan was built on a small island in a shallow lake, surrounded by water. This natural barrier served as a strong defense against invading armies, as it was difficult for enemies to access the city without boats or causeways. The Aztecs also built causeways and canals that connected the city to the mainland, providing additional defensive advantages.
22. What were the social and economic impacts of the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange, the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the Americas and the Old World, had significant social and economic impacts. It led to the introduction of new crops and livestock to Middle America, which increased agricultural productivity and supported population growth. However, it also brought devastating diseases to indigenous populations, causing widespread death and decline. The exchange also resulted in the establishment of European colonies, colonization, and the exploitation of native people.
23. What were the main social classes in colonial Middle America?
The main social classes in colonial Middle America were:
- Peninsulares: People born in Spain and held the highest positions in colonial society.
- Creoles: People of Spanish descent born in the Americas and owned large estates. They held significant economic and political power.
- Mulattoes: Individuals of mixed African and European ancestry, often enslaved or considered of lesser social status.
- American Indians: Indigenous peoples who were often subjugated and had limited rights and freedoms.
It is important to note that these social classes are not exhaustive and varied across different regions and time periods.