How did the Incans keep newly conquered peoples under their control?
The Incans used various methods to keep newly conquered peoples under their control.
1. Administrative Structure: The Incans established a well-organized administrative system that effectively governed their vast empire. They appointed local administrators, often chosen from the conquered areas, who acted as governors and reported directly to the central authorities in the capital city of Cusco.
2. Infrastructure: The Incans developed an extensive road and communication network known as the "Inca Road." This infrastructure allowed for quick mobilization of troops and facilitated the rapid movement of messengers and administrators. It also allowed the Incans to exert their control over the different regions by maintaining a visible presence.
3. Forced Labor: The Incans instituted a labor system called "mit'a," in which able-bodied men and women from conquered territories were required to perform mandatory public service. This labor force was utilized for construction projects, agricultural work, and military campaigns, effectively reinforcing Incan control over the conquered people and their resources.
4. Redistribution of Resources: The Incans practiced a system called "Vertical Archipelago," wherein resources from different ecological regions were distributed throughout the empire. The conquered regions were obliged to provide various resources, such as food, textiles, and precious metals, which were then redistributed among the populace, thereby ensuring their dependency on the central government.
5. Cultural Assimilation: The Incans implemented a policy of integrating conquered peoples into their society through a process known as "mitimaes." They resettled populations from conquered territories to other regions, mixing different ethnic groups and cultures. This practice helped to dilute local identities and loyalties, making it easier for the Incans to maintain control.
6. Diplomacy and Intimidation: The Incans practiced diplomacy and conspired alliances with local leaders. They often appointed local nobility as representatives and integrated them into the ruling hierarchy, granting them privileges and status. However, the Incans were also known for their ruthless military tactics and the use of force when necessary, which helped to deter rebellion and maintain control over conquered territories.
Overall, a combination of administrative organization, infrastructure, forced labor, resource redistribution, cultural assimilation, and a mixture of diplomacy and intimidation allowed the Incans to effectively control their vast empire and suppress resistance from newly conquered peoples.