Why is copper wire a better conductor of electricity then carbon fiber
Copper wire is a better conductor of electricity than carbon fiber due to its physical and chemical properties:
1. High electrical conductivity: Copper has one of the highest electrical conductivity among metal elements. It offers low resistance to the flow of electric current, allowing it to efficiently transport electricity without significant loss of energy. In contrast, carbon fiber has relatively lower electrical conductivity.
2. Free movement of electrons: Copper has a large number of free electrons that are loosely held by the atomic structure, allowing them to move easily within the metal lattice. This mobility of electrons facilitates the flow of electric current in copper wire. Carbon fiber, on the other hand, does not have free electrons available to carry current as it is composed of covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
3. Lower resistance: Copper has a low resistance, meaning it can transmit electricity with minimal energy loss in the form of heat or light. Carbon fiber, due to its higher resistance, tends to dissipate more energy as heat during the flow of electric current.
4. Thermal stability: Copper has high thermal stability, meaning it can withstand the heat generated during a current flow without significant degradation. Carbon fiber, especially in the presence of oxygen, can undergo oxidation and potentially damage the wire, reducing its electrical conductivity.
5. Mechanical strength: Copper is a strong and malleable metal, allowing it to be easily formed into wires and withstand mechanical stress. Carbon fiber, although widely used for its high strength-to-weight ratio, is relatively brittle and may break under tension, making it less suitable for conducting electricity in the form of wires.
While carbon fiber has its own advantages such as high strength, lightweight, and corrosion resistance, it does not possess the same electrical conductivity as copper wire, making copper a preferred choice for transmitting electricity.