Why did conflict erupt between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln’s assassination?
*
Southern Congressmen agreed with President Johnson's Radical Reconstruction Plan
Republicans disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan.
Southern conservatives enacted the black codes against Congress’ wishes.
After Abraham Lincoln's assassination, conflict erupted between President Andrew Johnson and Congress for several reasons:
1. Differences in Reconstruction Plans: President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan, known as the "Presidential Reconstruction," aimed to quickly restore the Southern states to their pre-war status while offering leniency to the Southern states and institutions. Congress, on the other hand, favored a more radical approach known as the "Radical Reconstruction." They aimed to ensure civil rights and political equality for freed slaves in the South and implemented measures to punish the Confederates. These diverging approaches led to disagreements and clashes between the President and Congress.
2. Political Control: Republicans, who dominated Congress, disagreed with President Johnson's Reconstruction policy. They believed that the President was too lenient towards the Southern states and that his plan failed to secure the civil rights of freed slaves. These disagreements over policy and power dynamics contributed to the conflict.
3. Black Codes: Southern conservatives implemented the black codes in defiance of Congress' wishes. These codes enacted discriminatory laws that restricted the rights and freedoms of newly freed slaves. Congress, incited by the actions of the Southern states, felt that the President was not doing enough to protect the rights of African Americans and responded with opposition to his policies.
Overall, the conflict between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln's assassination stemmed from differing approaches to Reconstruction, disagreements over political control, and Southern conservatives enacting the black codes against Congress' desires. This conflict ultimately led to an impeachment trial against President Johnson in 1868, although he narrowly escaped removal from office.
Pick one of the choices I have you
Sure, I'll focus on the reason that Southern conservatives enacted the black codes against Congress' wishes.
After Lincoln's assassination, conflict between President Johnson and Congress erupted when Southern conservatives enacted the black codes against Congress' wishes. These codes were a series of laws implemented by Southern states to restrict the rights and freedoms of newly freed slaves. The black codes sought to maintain social and economic control over African Americans and essentially reestablish a system similar to slavery.
These laws included restrictions on mobility, labor, and civil rights for African Americans. They imposed stringent requirements on freed people, limiting their job opportunities, preventing them from owning property, and restricting their ability to move freely. The codes were a direct affront to Congress' goal of ensuring civil rights and political equality for African Americans during the Reconstruction period.
Congress, which was predominantly Republican and had a more radical outlook on Reconstruction, vehemently opposed the black codes. They saw the codes as a betrayal of the Union's victory in the Civil War and a violation of the principles of equal rights and liberties for all citizens.
The enactment of the black codes by Southern conservatives against Congress' wishes escalated the conflict between President Johnson and Congress. It further highlighted the diverging visions for the Reconstruction process and intensified the push for more robust and far-reaching legislation to protect the rights of freed slaves.
How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation?
*
His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster.
His development of the sleeping car made railroad travel much more comfortable.
His invention of the steam engine made railroad travel faster and more affordable.
George Westinghouse contributed to railroad transportation primarily through his invention of air brakes.
George Westinghouse's invention of the air brake system revolutionized railroad transportation by making it significantly safer and faster. Before the introduction of air brakes, train braking systems relied on individual handbrakes on each car. This method was slow, inconsistent, and often led to accidents because it was difficult for conductors to coordinate braking across the entire train.
Westinghouse's revolutionary air brake system utilized compressed air to control the brakes on all cars simultaneously. It allowed for rapid and synchronized braking, reducing the risk of accidents and enabling trains to stop more quickly and safely. This innovation not only enhanced passenger safety but also allowed for longer and heavier trains, increasing their efficiency and capacity to transport goods.
The introduction of Westinghouse's air brakes also improved the overall speed and reliability of railroad travel. By providing a more effective means of controlling the brakes, trains could operate at higher speeds without compromising safety. The ability to brake efficiently and uniformly facilitated smoother rides, reducing wear and tear on the tracks and improving the overall comfort of passengers.
While Westinghouse did make significant contributions to various industries, including electricity and steam power, it was his invention of the air brake system that had the most profound impact on railroad transportation. His innovation made train travel safer, faster, and more reliable, laying the foundation for further developments and advancements in the field.