Which of the following could have prevented some of the problems created in Africa as a result of the Berlin Conference?

a. Political boundaries could have been determined based on physical boundaries.
b. Geometric boundaries could have been used to ensure fair treatment for all African societies.
c. The borders could have been created based on the locations of African societies.
d. Artificial barriers could have been built to identify the borders

All of the options provided could potentially have prevented some of the problems created in Africa as a result of the Berlin Conference. However, the most direct and relevant answer would be option c. The borders could have been created based on the locations of African societies. This would have ensured that the political boundaries were aligned with the existing societies and communities in Africa, reducing the likelihood of conflicts and divisions caused by arbitrarily drawn borders.