Currently, scientists believe that nothing can escape a black hole. In theory, what would an object have to do to be able to escape the gravitational pull of a black hole toward its singularity?
Grow to 1,600 AU.
Shrink to the diameter of a bowling ball.
Travel faster than the speed of light
Transform entirely into light particles.
According to our current understanding of physics, an object would need to travel faster than the speed of light to escape the gravitational pull of a black hole towards its singularity. However, it is important to note that this goes against the principles of relativity and is considered impossible based on our current knowledge.
The first option, growing to 1,600 astronomical units (AU), which is approximately the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, would not enable an object to escape a black hole. The gravitational pull of a black hole is incredibly strong, and even at such a large distance, the object would still be trapped.
Shrinking to the size of a bowling ball would not be sufficient either. The size of an object does not determine its ability to escape the gravitational pull of a black hole. The strength of the gravitational force solely depends on the mass and density of the black hole.
Transforming entirely into light particles would not enable an object to escape a black hole's singularity either. Light itself is not able to escape a black hole once it crosses its event horizon, which is the point of no return.
In summary, based on our current understanding, nothing can escape a black hole once it has crossed the event horizon, including light.