During germination and early growth,the dry weight of endosperm decreases while that of the embryo increses. Explain
During germination and early growth, the dry weight of the endosperm decreases while that of the embryo increases due to the utilization of stored nutrients by the growing embryo.
The endosperm is a tissue in the seed that stores nutrients, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and oils, to provide nourishment to the developing embryo. It is specifically meant to support the growing embryo until it can establish its own photosynthetic capability.
During germination, the embryo undergoes physiological changes that lead to its growth and development. It starts to produce enzymes such as amylase that break down stored nutrients in the endosperm into smaller molecules such as glucose and amino acids. These molecules can then be transported to the growing regions of the embryo to support its increasing needs for energy and building blocks for growth.
As the embryo utilizes the stored nutrients, the dry weight of the endosperm decreases. The nutrients are mobilized from the endosperm to the growing embryo, resulting in a reduction in the endosperm's mass.
At the same time, the embryo increases in dry weight. The nutrients obtained from the endosperm are used to fuel the metabolic processes and biosynthesis required for embryo growth. The growing embryo increases in size as it forms new tissues, such as leaves, roots, and shoot structures.
This decrease in the dry weight of the endosperm and increase in the dry weight of the embryo reflect the successful transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo, ensuring the embryo's survival and further development into a seedling.