How can a structure’s shape affect the function of the structure? (Hint: why would pollen grains have spike-like structures?)
A structure's shape can greatly affect its function. In the case of pollen grains having spike-like structures, the purpose is to enhance their ability to be carried by wind, water, or animals for pollination. Here's why:
1. Increased surface area: Spike-like structures on pollen grains increase their surface area, which helps them capture air currents or water currents more effectively. This enables them to travel greater distances and reach potential pollination sites.
2. Attachment and adherence: The spikes aid in attaching the pollen grains to the body parts of animals or the feathers of birds, ensuring greater adhesion and transport to other flowers. They prevent the pollen grains from being easily dislodged during flight or movement, increasing the chances of successful pollination.
3. Protection: The spikes on pollen grains act as a protective barrier, preventing damage, desiccation, or decay during transit. They shield the pollen grains from external environmental factors, such as wind, rain, or UV radiation.
4. Selective pollination: The shape and arrangement of spikes can play a role in targeting specific pollinators. For example, some pollen grains may have specialized spikes that match the shape or size of certain insect mouthparts, encouraging preferential pollen transfer by specific species.
Overall, the spike-like structures on pollen grains serve to optimize their chances of successful pollination by increasing transportability, attachment, protection, and selective pollination.