How is the majority of carbon transferred from plants and animals to the soil?

Carbon dioxide from plant and animal respiration dissolves into the soil.
Carbon atoms from plant and animal waste dissolve into the soil
The decay of dead organisms releases carbon dioxide from their bodies into the soil
The decay of dead organisms releases some carbon atoms from their bodies into the soil

All of the above processes contribute to the transfer of carbon from plants and animals to the soil. Carbon dioxide released through respiration can dissolve into the soil, and carbon atoms from waste products such as fallen leaves, dead plant matter, and animal feces can also dissolve into the soil. Additionally, when organisms die, their bodies undergo decay, which releases carbon dioxide and some carbon atoms into the soil.