Which of the following scenarios would allow you to study the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas according to the combined gas law without volume changing?

a. a balloon of gas heated with a hair dryer
b. a closed thermos of air warmed a little in an oven
c. filing a 2 liter bottle half full of water then closing it and squeezing it
d. Heating a thermos of air but allowing air to leak out to keep the pressure low.

The correct scenario would be option d. Heating a thermos of air but allowing air to leak out to keep the pressure low. This scenario ensures that the volume of the gas remains constant, allowing for the study of the relationship between pressure and temperature according to the combined gas law without volume changing.