Which major characteristics defines the cenozoic era
The major characteristics that define the Cenozoic Era include:
1. Age of Mammals: The Cenozoic Era is often referred to as the "Age of Mammals" because it saw the rise and dominance of mammals on Earth. Large land mammals, such as elephants, horses, and primates, evolved and diversified during this era.
2. Mass Extinctions: The Cenozoic Era began with a mass extinction event known as the K-T extinction, which wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species. This extinction event allowed mammals to fill the ecological niches that were previously occupied by dinosaurs.
3. Evolution and Diversification: The Cenozoic Era witnessed significant evolutionary changes and diversification of various animal and plant groups. Mammals underwent adaptive radiations and evolved into a wide range of forms and lifestyles.
4. Climate Changes: The Cenozoic Era experienced significant climate fluctuations. It began with a warm climate, but it gradually cooled, leading to the formation of polar ice caps and the advent of ice ages. These climate changes influenced the distribution and evolution of species.
5. Geological Events: The Cenozoic Era also witnessed several significant geological events, such as the formation of the Rocky Mountains and the Alps, due to tectonic activity. These events impacted the environments and habitats available for different species.
6. Human Evolution: Towards the end of the Cenozoic Era, around seven million years ago, the first hominins (early humans) appeared. The Cenozoic saw the evolution and diversification of our early ancestors, leading to the emergence of modern humans.
Overall, the Cenozoic Era is characterized by the rise of mammals, mass extinctions, evolutionary and diversification events, climate fluctuations, geological events, and the emergence of early human ancestors.