According to VSEPR theory, what causes molecular shapes to form?

According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, molecular shapes form due to the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of an atom. The theory states that electron pairs, whether bonding or non-bonding, try to stay as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsion. This repulsion determines the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, resulting in specific molecular shapes.