Describe both the structure and the function of chromosomes.
fuse the
This drawing shows a cell containing two chromosomes.
Complete the drawing as instructed.
3. What is the relationship between the chromosomes that you drew in step 1?
Step 1:
Sketch what happens to these chromosomes just prior to cell division.
4. What happens to the chromosomes once they have been replicated? (step 2)
Step 2:
Show the location of chromosomes after cell division
5. What are sister chromatids?
6. What are centromeres?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of a cell. They are made up of DNA molecules that contain the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of living organisms. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are identical copies of each other held together by a region called the centromere.
The structure of a chromosome can be described as a highly condensed, coiled and organized structure. During cell division, the chromosomes become visible under a microscope and take on a characteristic X-shape. This shape is formed by the two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
The function of chromosomes is to carry and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. They contain genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits and characteristics. When a cell divides, the chromosomes replicate themselves, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The replicated chromosomes then separate during cell division, with each new daughter cell receiving one complete set of chromosomes.
In step 1, the relationship between the chromosomes is that they are a pair of homologous chromosomes. This means that they are similar in size, shape, and carry genes for the same traits, although the alleles may differ.
In step 2, after cell division, the location of the chromosomes would depend on the type of cell division. If it is mitosis, the chromosomes would be present in each daughter cell, while in meiosis, they would be present in the resulting gametes.
Sister chromatids are the two identical copies of a chromosome that are produced during DNA replication. They are joined at the centromere and are held together until cell division occurs. Once separated, each sister chromatid becomes a separate chromosome.
Centromeres are specific regions on a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are closely attached. They play a crucial role in cell division by ensuring proper separation of the replicated chromosomes. The centromere is responsible for pulling the sister chromatids apart during cell division and ensuring that each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes.