Describe 3 ways in which the organs of the circulatory system and respiratory system are protected.
1. Ribcage: The ribcage, which consists of the ribs and sternum, provides a protective barrier for organs such as the heart and lungs. It acts as a shield, preventing direct impact or injury to these vital organs. The ribcage also helps maintain the shape and structure of the chest cavity, allowing for proper functioning of the respiratory system.
2. Pleural Membranes: The lungs are surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the pleura, which serves to protect and support the respiratory system. The outer layer, called the parietal pleura, lines the inner surface of the chest cavity, while the inner layer, called the visceral pleura, is attached to the surface of the lungs. These membranes provide a lubricated surface that allows the lungs to expand and contract during breathing without friction or damage.
3. Pericardium: The heart is encased in a protective sac called the pericardium. The pericardium consists of two layers: the fibrous pericardium, which is made of tough connective tissue, and the serous pericardium, which is a thin, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart. This sac helps protect the heart from external pressure and friction, ensuring that it can function efficiently and without damage.