A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in the original sequence. Mutations range in size; they can affect a single nitrogen base in a DNA molecule to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. We know that DNA replication occurs before both mitosis and meiosis.
PLEASE create a VERY SHORT explanation about how a mutation can and cannot be passed to offspring through these processes
A mutation can be passed to offspring through both mitosis and meiosis, but the likelihood differs between the two processes.
During mitosis, the mutation occurs in the DNA of a single cell in the body. As the mutated cell divides, it creates two daughter cells with the same mutation. If these mutated cells further divide through mitosis, the mutation will be present in more cells in the body. However, mitosis does not directly contribute to the passing of mutations to offspring because it only produces identical copies of the parent cells.
On the other hand, during meiosis, which is the special cell division process involved in sexual reproduction, mutations can be inherited by offspring. The mutation can occur in the DNA of a parent's germline cells, which give rise to sperm and eggs. When these germ cells undergo meiosis, they produce haploid cells with half the usual number of chromosomes. If the mutation is present in the parent's germ cells, it can be passed on to their offspring through the transmission of these altered genetic materials.
In summary, while mitosis can lead to the spread of mutations in the body, only mutations present in the germline cells and inherited through meiosis have the potential to be passed on to offspring.