21. What is a paradigm? -
Introduction into social science
A paradigm refers to a set of shared assumptions, beliefs, and values that shape and guide the way individuals and communities perceive and understand the world. It essentially provides a framework for understanding phenomena and conducting research within a specific field of study.
In the context of social science, a paradigm refers to a particular theoretical perspective or approach that shapes how social scientists investigate and analyze social phenomena. It encompasses the foundational concepts, methods, and theories that social scientists use to study various aspects of society, such as human behavior, cultural practices, social structures, and societal norms.
Different social science disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and political science, often have their own paradigms that inform their research and scholarship. These paradigms can influence the types of questions that researchers ask, the methods they use to gather data, and the interpretations they make about social phenomena.
For example, in sociology, there are several major paradigms, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. These paradigms provide different frameworks for understanding social relationships and structures. Functionalism, for instance, views society as a system comprised of interconnected parts that work together to maintain social order and stability. Conflict theory, on the other hand, focuses on the power struggles and inequalities inherent in social systems. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the role of shared meanings and interactions in shaping social behavior.
Understanding paradigms is important in social science because it helps researchers make sense of complex social phenomena and provides a basis for generating new knowledge and theories. It also allows for critical reflection and evaluation of existing paradigms, as researchers continually strive to improve their understanding of social reality.