Describe 7 different instruments that are used to measure weather conditions.
1. Thermometer: A thermometer measures the temperature of the atmosphere. It consists of a glass tube filled with a liquid, usually mercury or alcohol, that expands or contracts with changes in temperature.
2. Barometer: A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure, which is an important indicator of weather conditions. It typically consists of a glass tube filled with mercury or aneroid capsules that move with changes in air pressure.
3. Hygrometer: A hygrometer measures humidity or moisture in the air. It can be of various types, including a psychrometer, which uses two thermometers to measure the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, or a capacitive hygrometer, which measures changes in electrical capacitance due to moisture.
4. Anemometer: An anemometer measures wind speed and direction. It usually consists of rotating cups or blades that move with the wind and are connected to a device that counts the rotations and calculates the wind speed.
5. Rain gauge: A rain gauge measures the amount of rainfall. It can be a simple cylindrical container with markings indicating the amount of water collected, or it can be automated using electronic sensors to record the rainfall data.
6. Pyranometer: A pyranometer measures the amount of solar radiation or sunlight. It consists of a flat sensor that measures the heat generated by the incoming solar radiation.
7. Weather radar: Weather radar uses electromagnetic waves to detect and track precipitation, such as rain, snow, or hail, as well as other atmospheric phenomena like tornadoes or thunderstorms. It can provide information about the intensity, movement, and size of the weather system.