Differentiate between circumstancial bilingualism and elective bilingualism
Circumstantial bilingualism and elective bilingualism are two different types of bilingualism, distinguished by the circumstances that lead to their development.
1. Circumstantial bilingualism: This type of bilingualism occurs when an individual acquires a second language as a result of their upbringing or living in a bilingual environment. It is usually a natural consequence of the surroundings or family context the person is exposed to. For example, individuals raised in households where parents speak different languages or individuals growing up in regions with multiple official languages may acquire bilingualism due to their circumstances.
2. Elective bilingualism: Elective bilingualism, on the other hand, refers to the deliberate and intentional acquisition of a second language by an individual. This usually occurs when someone decides to learn a new language through systematic study, language classes, or immersion programs. It is a conscious choice made by the individual to become bilingual, often for personal, educational, or professional reasons.
In summary, circumstantial bilingualism is acquired naturally as a result of the environment or upbringing, while elective bilingualism is voluntary and acquired through personal choice and deliberate effort.