1. What is DNA?
2. What is DNA made of?
3. What is its purpose?
4. What are genes?
5. What are their purpose?
6. Explain the structure of a chromosome.
7. Summarize the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes based on what you heard in the video clip.
1. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms.
2. DNA is made up of long chains of nucleotides, which are composed of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
3. The purpose of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information. It contains the instructions needed for the growth, development, and functioning of an organism, as well as the characteristics inherited from parents.
4. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making specific proteins. They are the basic units of heredity and determine the traits and characteristics of an organism.
5. The purpose of genes is to carry the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. They control traits such as eye color, height, and predisposition to certain diseases.
6. A chromosome is a structure made of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes. It consists of two long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones, forming a spiral-like structure. The chromosome is further condensed and organized during cell division.
7. Based on the information in the video clip, DNA contains genes, and genes are organized into chromosomes. Every organism has a specific number of chromosomes, and each chromosome carries a distinct set of genes. The relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes is essential for the transmission and expression of genetic information.