What are standing committees in Congress? What duties and functions do they perform? Include examples from the
textbook
Standing committees in Congress are permanent committees that exist from one Congress to the next. They are responsible for conducting most of the legislative work in Congress, as well as other tasks such as oversight and investigations. Each standing committee focuses on a specific policy area and has jurisdiction over certain bills and issues related to that area.
The textbook "American Government: Institutions and Policies" by James Q. Wilson and John J. DiIulio Jr. provides examples of standing committees in Congress and their duties and functions. Some of the examples mentioned in the textbook include:
1. House Committee on Ways and Means: This committee is responsible for handling all matters related to taxation, revenue, and other financial policies. It plays a central role in the development of tax legislation and oversees the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
2. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations: This committee oversees all matters related to foreign policy. It has jurisdiction over treaties, diplomatic nominations, international agreements, and various policies related to foreign relations.
3. House Committee on Energy and Commerce: This committee deals with issues related to energy policies, telecommunications, commerce, and consumer protection. It plays a significant role in shaping legislation related to energy production, environmental regulations, healthcare, and other industries.
4. Senate Committee on Judiciary: This committee oversees the federal judicial system, including the nomination and confirmation of judges. It also has jurisdiction over various legal issues and is responsible for reviewing and considering legislation related to the federal courts, civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional law.
These examples illustrate the diverse range of policy areas covered by standing committees in Congress. The committees hold hearings, conduct investigations, gather information, and draft legislation related to their specific policy areas. They play a crucial role in shaping and advancing legislation, as well as providing oversight and checks on the executive branch.