Which of the following ideas define a republic?
1. A government in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, who exercise it within the framework of the law.
2. A system of government where the head of state is an elected or chosen individual, rather than a hereditary monarch.
3. A political system in which decision-making is based on the consent of the governed, through elected representatives.
4. A form of government where citizens hold the power to elect representatives who make important policy decisions on their behalf.
5. A society where the rule of law prevails and the government is accountable to the people through periodic elections.