what are islam core beliefs (1450 -1750)
During the period from 1450 to 1750, Islam core beliefs remained consistent, while Islamic empires and societies experienced significant political, cultural, and economic changes. The core beliefs of Islam include:
1. Monotheism: Muslims believe in the oneness of God, known as Allah, and reject polytheism. The concept of tawhid (the oneness of God) is central to Islamic faith.
2. Five Pillars of Islam: Muslims are required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, consisting of:
a. Shahada: The declaration of faith, affirming that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.
b. Salah: Observing five daily prayers facing Mecca.
c. Zakah: Giving a portion of one's wealth as alms for the poor and needy.
d. Sawm: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
e. Hajj: Making a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if possible.
3. Prophethood: Muslims believe in the prophethood of Muhammad as the final and greatest Prophet, sent by Allah to guide humanity. They also accept the previous prophets of Judaism and Christianity, such as Moses and Jesus, as messengers of God.
4. Holy Quran: Muslims believe that the Quran is the word of God as revealed to Muhammad and is considered the final divine revelation, superseding previous holy scriptures. It is regarded as the ultimate source of guidance and religious law.
5. Day of Judgement: Muslims believe in the Day of Judgement when all individuals will be held accountable for their actions in life. The righteous will enter Paradise, while the sinful will face punishment in Hell.
While these core beliefs remained unchanged, Islam witnessed various historical developments during this period, including the rise and fall of powerful empires like the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire. The spread of Islam through trade and missionary activities, encounters with European powers, advances in science and arts, and the influence of Sufi orders also impacted Islamic societies during this time.