describe widely the common pathogenic specieses of genus pasteurella
The genus Pasteurella comprises a variety of species that are classified as pathogenic, meaning they have the potential to cause disease in animals and humans. Some of the widely recognized and common pathogenic species of Pasteurella include:
1. Pasteurella multocida: This is perhaps the most well-known and significant pathogenic species of Pasteurella. It is commonly found in the respiratory tract of animals, especially domesticated ones such as cats, dogs, pigs, and chickens. It can cause respiratory infections, including pneumonia, as well as other clinical manifestations like septicemia, abscesses, and skin infections. P. multocida is also a common cause of respiratory tract infections in humans, especially in people with compromised immune systems or underlying respiratory conditions.
2. Pasteurella haemolytica: This species is primarily associated with respiratory infections in ruminants, mainly cattle and sheep. P. haemolytica can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases in these animals, often resulting in significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Infections with P. haemolytica can also lead to septicemia and systemic infections in severe cases.
3. Pasteurella dagmatis: This species is commonly found in dogs and cats and has the potential to cause various clinical manifestations, including respiratory infections, skin infections, and abscesses. P. dagmatis has also been isolated from wounds and bite infections in humans.
4. Pasteurella canis: It is predominantly associated with respiratory tract infections in dogs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, nasal discharge, and pneumonia. P. canis has also been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.
5. Pasteurella pneumotropica: Although primarily a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tracts of rodents, P. pneumotropica can cause opportunistic infections in these animals, particularly in laboratory mice. It is often associated with pneumonia, conjunctivitis, and other respiratory diseases. In rare cases, P. pneumotropica has been reported to cause infections in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals in close contact with rodents.
It is important to note that while these species are commonly associated with pathogenicity, the exact clinical manifestations and disease severity can vary depending on various factors, including the host's immune response and the potential presence of other underlying conditions.