Concepts of matter and it's basic properties ?
Matter refers to anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. Here are some basic properties of matter:
1. Mass: Matter has mass, which is a measure of the amount of matter present in an object. Mass is commonly measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).
2. Volume: Matter occupies space, so it has a certain volume. Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object and is commonly measured in cubic meters (m³) or liters (L).
3. Density: Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. It is a measure of how tightly packed the particles are in an object. Density = Mass/Volume, and it is commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
4. State of Matter: Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. These states are determined by the arrangement, motion, and energy of the particles. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.
5. Melting Point: The melting point is the temperature at which a solid substance changes its state to become a liquid. During melting, the particles of a substance gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them together.
6. Boiling Point: The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid substance changes its state to become a gas. At this temperature, the particles of a substance gain enough energy to break free from their liquid form and escape into the air.
7. Chemical Properties: Matter can undergo chemical changes or reactions, in which its composition and properties are altered. It involves the breaking and formation of chemical bonds between atoms and molecules.
8. Physical Properties: These are the characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the substance chemically. Examples include color, odor, density, boiling point, viscosity, and electrical conductivity.
9. Electrical Conductivity: Some materials can conduct electricity, while others cannot. This property is determined by the ability of electrons to move through the substance.
10. Thermal Conductivity: Thermal conductivity is the ability of a substance to conduct heat. Materials with high thermal conductivity can transfer heat quickly, while those with low thermal conductivity are poor conductors of heat.
These are some of the fundamental concepts and properties of matter, which form the basis for the study of chemistry and various other branches of science.