What is included in Darwin's discussion of gender?
a. The sexes are equal.
b. Females are the superior sex.
c. There are no differences between the sexes.
d. There are similarities between the sexes.
The correct options are a and d.
a. Darwin's discussion of gender includes the idea that the sexes are equal. He argued that both males and females have their own unique abilities and traits that are advantageous for their survival and reproductive success.
d. Darwin also recognized that there are similarities between the sexes. For example, he emphasized the commonalities in emotional expressions across genders, noting that all emotional expressions, such as smiling, are rooted in human evolution and serve similar evolutionary purposes regardless of gender.