The photographs below were published in a pamphlet written by Mark Twain entitled King Leopold’s Soliloquy published in 1905 that criticized the Belgian King’s rule of the Congo Free State. The Belgian government ran numerous rubber collection/production areas in the rainforest and on plantations where Congolese Africans were enslaved and forced to collect rubber. They suffered amputations for not gathering enough rubber.

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The pamphlet, "King Leopold's Soliloquy," written by Mark Twain in 1905, condemned the cruel rule of the Belgian King Leopold II in the Congo Free State. The photographs included in the pamphlet showcased the atrocities committed by the Belgian government, such as the enslavement and brutal treatment of Congolese Africans forced to collect rubber, including amputations for failing to meet rubber quotas.