Your analysis should include specific examples, and should discuss problematic situations regarding border disputes as well as situations in which problems were successfully resolved. You may draw on any of the information in the textbook or from your research so far in the course. In developing your thesis statement and fleshing out your argument, you might consider any of the following questions:
What is the purpose of boundaries or borders?
Is the nation-state or the multinational state the ideal?
What rights does a state have with respect to its borders?
What rights does a state have with respect to the oceans that surround it?
What principles should guide a state in deciding whether to have hard borders or soft borders?
Under what circumstances, if ever, is the international community justified in intervening in a border dispute between two states?
Thesis: Border disputes are complex and nuanced issues that often arise due to a clash of interests, historical legacies, and misunderstandings. While problematic situations surrounding border disputes can lead to tensions and conflicts, there are instances where problems have been successfully resolved through negotiation, diplomacy, and international cooperation.
Analysis:
1. Purpose of boundaries or borders:
Boundaries or borders are essential for defining the territorial extent of a state's jurisdiction and control. They provide a sense of identity, security, and sovereignty for a nation-state. Borders serve to separate different political entities, allowing for the management of resources, trade, and the implementation of laws. Examples of this can be observed in the establishment of the physical borders between countries such as the United States and Mexico.
2. Nation-state vs. multinational state:
The concept of the nation-state, where a single ethnic or cultural group dominates politically, is often seen as an ideal by those seeking homogeneity and self-determination. However, in a globalizing world with diverse populations, the multinational state, where multiple ethnic and cultural groups coexist, can provide a more inclusive and equitable approach. Border disputes often arise in multinational states where various groups seek autonomy or self-governance.
3. Rights of a state with respect to borders:
States have the right to safeguard their territorial integrity and control. This includes the ability to establish and enforce border regulations, determine citizenship, and protect their population. Additionally, states may have the right to defend their borders from external threats, such as illegal immigration or transnational crime. However, these rights must be balanced against international law, human rights, and the principles of good neighborly relations.
4. Rights of a state with respect to surrounding oceans:
Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), coastal states have exclusive rights and jurisdiction over the waters, seabed, and resources within their maritime boundaries. They are responsible for managing and exploiting these resources sustainably. However, the concept of freedom of navigation and the rights of other states to use international waters for transit and trade must also be respected.
5. Principles guiding border type decisions:
The decision to have hard borders (strict control of movement) or soft borders (relaxed control or open borders) depends on various factors such as security concerns, economic considerations, cultural ties, and political relations. States must strike a balance between protecting national interests and promoting regional integration and cooperation. The European Union's Schengen Area exemplifies a soft border approach to facilitate trade and movement.
6. International community's intervention in border disputes:
The international community may be justified in intervening in a border dispute between two states under certain circumstances. This may be based on the principles of preventive diplomacy, conflict resolution, and human rights protection. Examples of successful interventions include the mediation efforts by the United Nations in resolving border disputes between Eritrea and Ethiopia in 2000.
In conclusion, border disputes contain complex aspects that require careful consideration and effective diplomacy to avoid conflicts. While problematic situations can arise, effective resolution can be achieved through negotiation, adherence to international law, and cooperation among states.