Explain what threshold theory mean in bilingualism
Threshold theory is a perspective in bilingualism that suggests that there is a certain level of language proficiency, referred to as the "threshold," that needs to be achieved in both languages in order for bilingual individuals to fully benefit from their bilingual skills.
According to this theory, the threshold level of language proficiency is considered to be the minimum level of proficiency required for individuals to effectively utilize both languages in various domains, such as education, work, and social interactions. The threshold level may vary depending on specific contexts and requirements.
Once bilingual individuals surpass this threshold level in both languages, they are believed to experience cognitive, social, and educational advantages. They are better able to switch between languages, maintain fluency, and have improved metalinguistic awareness, which refers to the ability to reflect on language and understand language structures. Bilingual individuals who have reached the threshold level also tend to have enhanced problem-solving skills, creativity, and overall cognitive flexibility.
On the other hand, if individuals do not reach the threshold level and have significant language proficiency imbalances, they may face difficulties in fully accessing and benefiting from their bilingualism. These individuals may experience language dominance, where one language is more dominant and used more frequently than the other, leading to potential language loss or reduced proficiency in the less dominant language.
The threshold theory highlights the importance of balanced bilingualism, where individuals strive to achieve a relatively equal level of proficiency in both languages. It suggests that bilingualism can provide optimal benefits when individuals reach the threshold level in both their languages, allowing them to fully utilize their bilingual skills in various aspects of life.