Which of the following accurately list the key features of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin civilizations?
The key features of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin civilizations are as follows:
Olmec Civilization:
1. Developed in Mesoamerica, mainly in the Gulf Coast region of present-day Mexico.
2. Known for establishing the first complex societies in the Americas.
3. Constructed monumental architecture, including large stone heads and pyramids.
4. Cultivated crops like maize, beans, and squash.
5. Engaged in long-distance trade, especially with the Maya civilization.
6. Known for their intricate and symbolic artwork, including carved stone sculptures.
7. Had a strong religious and ceremonial system, associated with jaguar cults.
8. Developed a sophisticated calendar and writing system.
Zapotec Civilization:
1. Flourished in the Oaxaca Valley region of present-day Mexico.
2. Developed one of the earliest known writing systems in the Americas, known as the Zapotec script.
3. Constructed impressive architectural complexes, including pyramids, palaces, and tombs.
4. Had a complex social hierarchy, with nobles, priests, and commoners.
5. Engaged in trade and had an extensive road network connecting different Zapotec cities.
6. Developed advanced agricultural techniques, including terrace farming and irrigation systems.
7. Practiced ritual bloodletting and human sacrifice as part of their religious practices.
Chavin Civilization:
1. Flourished in the Andean highlands of present-day Peru.
2. Known for their unique art style, featuring anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures.
3. Constructed monumental buildings, such as temples and plazas.
4. Developed a complex religious and ceremonial system centered around a cult of jaguars.
5. Engaged in long-distance trade, exchanging goods with different regions.
6. Built extensive underground networks of passageways and chambers.
7. Developed advanced agricultural techniques, including terraced farming and irrigation systems.
8. Known for their impressive textile production and craftsmanship.