What factors led to the Norman Conquest? (4 points)
1) The death of Edward the Confessor without a clear heir: After the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066, there was no clear successor to the English throne, causing a power vacuum and leading to several claimants with varying degrees of legitimacy. This resulted in a struggle for power and ultimately led to the Norman Conquest.
2) The claim of William the Conqueror: William, Duke of Normandy, claimed that Edward the Confessor had promised him the English throne before his death. This claim, along with the fact that William was a strong and ambitious leader, gained him support from some influential nobles and secured his position as a major contender for the crown.
3) Harold Godwinson's coronation: Following the death of Edward the Confessor, Harold Godwinson, the Earl of Wessex, was crowned as the King of England. However, his ascension to the throne was controversial and opposed by other claimants, including William the Conqueror and Harold Hardrada, the King of Norway. This dispute over the rightful king led to the Norman Conquest as William invaded England to assert his claim.
4) The Battle of Hastings: The Battle of Hastings, fought on October 14, 1066, was a significant event that directly led to the Norman Conquest. Harold Godwinson and his forces were defeated by William the Conqueror's army, resulting in Harold's death and the ultimate establishment of Norman rule over England. This battle marked a turning point in English history and solidified the Norman Conquest.