Question 1
The idea of creating and selling hybridized corn seed began with G.H. Shull in the early 1900s. Shull was a respected geneticist that recognized the importance of corn as a cash crop. He developed "hybrid" corn varieties, grew them, determined how much each type produced in a growing season, then set out to offer his new product to farmers across the United States. Shull had no idea that his process of creating better plants through scientific experimentation would go down in history as a successful example of biotechnology at work.
Not only was the human population of the United States growing at this time, the livestock population was also increasing rapidly. Many farmers relied on corn to feed their herds as well as pay their bills. Shull's hybrid seeds had come along at the right time. Soon, private businesses and government agencies began their own research projects to develop seed corn with high yields. They also saw a need for corn varieties that were more tolerant of dry conditions, poor quality soil, and pests. Some hybrid varieties produced more corn during the years of the Dust Bowl, a drought that occurred from 1934-1940, than they did in years with normal rainfall. Of course, farmers still using traditional corn seed did not experience the same results.
Today, producers of hybrid corn seed have branched out in terms of the products they offer. When farmers order seeds, they can also purchase herbicides to remove weeds from their fields, fertilizers, and computer analysis software to track corn production. The research of G.H. Shull nearly 100 years ago has created a multi-billion dollar industry that survived and thrived despite world war and drought.
Considering information given in the passage and data found in the graph, select the response below that supports the argument that biotechnology has had a positive impact on both society and the United States' economy.
a
Shull's hybrid corn seeds created a new type of science in the United States—biotechnology. After the success of his seeds, other individuals entered the field and created their own hybrids. This caused the industry to grow and gave farmers a bigger selection of seeds from which to choose. Today, farmers can purchase everything they need for a successful corn crop from their seed distributors. The hybrid seed industry in the United States makes billions of dollars each year.
b
From 1866 to 2011, farmers produced many bushels of corn each year. They could have produced more corn if weather conditions had been favorable. The drought during the Dust Bowl was hard on farmers growing corn. Hybrid corn seeds had no effect on corn production. The impact on society and the economy were small compared with the impact of the Dust Bowl droughts.
c
Shull developed hybrid corn seed about 100 years ago. Some farmers bought the seed when it was first produced, but others did not. Farmers would have grown corn either way. Hybrid corn seed did not have an effect on corn production overall. It helped the economy by making more money for Shull and other scientists that produced hybrid corn seeds.
d
Shull's creation of hybrid corn seed allowed farmers to produce more corn consistently throughout the years. Overall, the number of bushels harvested each year trends higher, as shown in the graph, between 1918 and 2011. Increased corn production meant more income for the farmers, which allowed them to take better care of their families and farms. Hybrid seed performed, even during the Dust Bowl, when non-hybrid farmers struggled to produce corn.
Question 2
Cancer is the result of
CRISPR is Revolutionizing Cancer Research
a
Uncontrolled cell division
b
Cells which create working tissues
c
Cells which have lost the ability to reproduce
d
Cells which grow normally but no longer function correctly
Question 3
Review the four models below (the number show the number of chromosomes present in each cell):
image f62c7ddd3de644e5b4cb1a0097526d48
Which model correctly shows the results of mitosis?
a
Model 1 because during mitosis, two daughter cells receive half of the chromosomes of the parent cell.
b
Model 2 because during mitosis, one daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
c
Model 3 because during mitosis, two identical daughter cells receive the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
d
Model 4 because during mitosis, four daughter cells receive one quarter of the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Question 4
Glucose and ribose are examples of simple sugars, the building blocks of complex carbohydrates, and are also known as _____.
a
polymers
b
monosaccharides
c
monopeptides
d
polysaccharides
Question 5
Inside the nucleus in cells is another organelle called the , which is in charge of producing and assembling the cell’s for protein synthesis.
Nucleus
Word Bank:
nucleoluseukaryoticprokaryoticmembranesbacterialmitochondriavesiclesribosomes
Blank 1:
Blank 2:
Blank 3:
Question 6
Which are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?
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a
glucose, oxygen and light
b
water and carbon dioxide and ATP
c
water, oxygen and ATP
d
water and carbon dioxide
Question 7
Where is DNA found in the eukaryotic cell?
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a
cell wall
b
vacuole
c
nucleus
d
cytoplasm
Question 8
Which sugar is found in RNA?
a
ribose
b
deoxyribose
c
lactose
d
glucose
Question 9
Put the following processes of protein synthesis in the correct order.
Reorder answers
1.mRNA copies DNA according to complimentary base pairing.
Reorder answers
2.tRNA's anticodons bring amino acids to the corresponding mRNA codons
Reorder answers
3.mRNA leaves the nucleus
Reorder answers
4.amino acids bind to each other making a protein
Reorder answers
5.a stop codon is reached, the newly formed protein is released to go do its job for the cell
Reorder answers
6.DNA strands unwind and separate
Question 10
What is one of the jobs of RNA Polymerase?
a
It builds and edits the mRNA during transcription
b
It adds new nucleotides to the DNA helix.
c
It forms bonds between amino acids during translation.
d
It separates DNA strands.
Question 11
AUG GGC UCA
Is this a strand of DNA or RNA, and how can you tell?
Uracil | SIELC
a
DNA because it has the nitrogen base, Adenine
b
RNA because it has inorganic phosphate groups
c
RNA because it has the nitrogen base, Uracil.
d
DNA because it has the sugar, Ribose
Question 12
The nucleotide T always pairs with
a
A
b
G
c
C
d
another T
Question 13
If the DNA sequence is TAC TTG ACC, what would be the resulting amino acid sequence after transcription and translation?
(Hint: Think of the first step of protein synthesis? Do this first and then find the amino acid sequence.)
a
Isol-Lys-STOP
b
Gly-Ala-Val
c
Tyr-Leu-Thre
d
Met-Asn-Trp
Question 14
Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is TTGC. What is the sequence of bases on the complimentary strand?
a
AACG
b
GCTA
c
CGTT
d
GTAC
Question 15
Look at the structure below.
Structure X includes a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. What is this structure called?
a
hydrogen bond
b
nucleotide
c
complementary base pair
d
sugar-phosphate backbone
Question 1: d
Question 2: a
Question 3: c
Question 4: b
Question 5: Blank 1: nucleolus, Blank 2: eukaryotic, Blank 3: ribosomes
Question 6: b
Question 7: c
Question 8: a
Question 9: 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
Question 10: a
Question 11: c
Question 12: a
Question 13: c
Question 14: a
Question 15: b