Define communal ism and its features
Communalism is a socio-political ideology that emphasizes the collective identity of a religious or ethnic group and prioritizes its interests and well-being over individual or other collective interests. It often manifests as a divisive and exclusive ideology that promotes rivalry, conflict, and violence between communities based on religious or ethnic differences.
Features of communalism include:
1. Group Identity: Communalism thrives on promoting a strong sense of identity and belonging to a particular religious or ethnic group. It encourages individuals to prioritize the interests of their own community over those of others.
2. Religion or Ethnicity as Basis: Communalism derives its strength from the affiliation to a specific religion or ethnicity, using these as the primary factors in promoting group interests. It often leads to the exclusion or marginalization of other communities.
3. Stereotyping and Prejudice: Communalism generates stereotypes and prejudiced notions about other religious or ethnic groups, fueling animosity and suspicion. This can result in the development of deep-rooted biases and animosities towards other communities.
4. Identity Politics: Communalism tends to exploit religious or ethnic identity for political gains, often polarizing communities and promoting a politics based on religion or ethnicity rather than on inclusive and secular principles.
5. Inter-Community Tension and Violence: Communalism is often associated with inter-community conflict and violence. Communal tensions, riots, and acts of discrimination are frequently orchestrated to further the interests of a particular religious or ethnic group.
6. Exclusion and Discrimination: Communalism fosters exclusion and discrimination against other communities or minority groups. It can lead to social and economic disparities, limiting opportunities and rights for marginalized communities.
7. Cultural Preservation: Communalism may promote the preservation and propagation of a particular religious or ethnic culture. While cultural identity is valuable, communalism can lead to intolerance and resistance to assimilation or integration with other communities.
It is important to note that communalism is distinct from the idea of community or communal living, which refers to a cooperative and collaborative lifestyle where individuals voluntarily come together to share resources and responsibilities. Communalism, on the other hand, is an ideological and political orientation that promotes division and conflict along religious or ethnic lines.