Compare vulnerability scan to penetration test using example under the following headings:
A. Procedure
B. Process
C. Goal
D. Frequency
E. Personnel
A. Procedure:
Vulnerability Scan: In a vulnerability scan, an automated tool is used to scan a computer system, network, or application for known vulnerabilities. This scan involves examining the system for weaknesses, misconfigurations, and potential vulnerabilities. The tool generates a report that highlights the identified vulnerabilities.
Penetration Test: A penetration test, on the other hand, involves simulating an actual attack on a computer system, network, or application to identify vulnerabilities and exploit them. This process typically involves manual testing techniques, including active reconnaissance, exploitation attempts, and social engineering.
B. Process:
Vulnerability Scan: The vulnerability scan is typically an automated process. The scanning tool is deployed, and it scans the target system for known vulnerabilities. It does not perform any actual attacks or exploit vulnerabilities.
Penetration Test: A penetration test involves a more elaborate and manual process. It starts with reconnaissance to gather information about the target system and identify potential entry points. Then, vulnerabilities are actively exploited to gain unauthorized access or perform specific tasks, such as escalating privileges or accessing sensitive data.
C. Goal:
Vulnerability Scan: The main goal of a vulnerability scan is to identify known vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. By identifying these vulnerabilities, system administrators can take appropriate actions to mitigate the risks and secure their systems.
Penetration Test: The primary goal of a penetration test is to identify both known and unknown vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. It aims to simulate a real-world attack scenario and determine the potential impact of successful attacks. The focus is on understanding how an attacker could exploit vulnerabilities and evaluating the effectiveness of existing security controls.
D. Frequency:
Vulnerability Scan: Vulnerability scans can be conducted periodically as a part of regular system maintenance. Depending on the complexity and criticality of the system, vulnerability scans can be performed monthly, quarterly, or annually.
Penetration Test: Penetration tests are typically conducted less frequently than vulnerability scans because they involve more manual effort and are more resource-intensive. The frequency of penetration tests depends on factors such as the sensitivity of the system, regulatory requirements, and changes made to the system. Conducting penetration tests annually or after major system updates is common practice.
E. Personnel:
Vulnerability Scan: Vulnerability scans can be performed by internal security personnel or by external scanning service providers. The individuals conducting the scan should have a good understanding of the scanning tool and be familiar with common vulnerabilities.
Penetration Test: Penetration tests are typically conducted by experienced ethical hackers or specialized security firms. These individuals possess strong technical skills and knowledge of various attack techniques. They are familiar with both manual and automated testing techniques and can effectively identify vulnerabilities and potential exploits.