Which of the following transformed city life in the late 1800s?
There is no list of options provided. However, some significant developments that transformed city life in the late 1800s include:
1. Industrialization: The rapid growth of industries and factories brought an influx of people to cities, leading to urbanization and the concentration of population in urban areas.
2. Mass transportation: The development of railroads and streetcars allowed for easier and faster transportation within cities, leading to increased mobility and suburbanization.
3. The electric streetcar: The introduction of electric-powered streetcars revolutionized urban transportation, making it more efficient, convenient, and affordable for urban dwellers.
4. Tenement housing: With the increase in population and limited housing options, tenement housing emerged as a dominant form of accommodation in cities, often characterized by poor living conditions and overcrowding.
5. Urban sanitation systems: The implementation of better sanitation systems, such as sewer systems and garbage collection, improved hygiene and public health conditions in cities.
6. Skyscrapers: The development of steel-frame construction techniques allowed for the construction of tall buildings, leading to the rise of skyscrapers and the vertical expansion of cities.
7. Urban planning: With the rapid growth of cities, urban planning became essential to manage and accommodate the increasing population, resulting in the creation of parks, boulevards, and public spaces.
8. Technological advancements: Innovations such as telegraphs, telephones, and later electric lighting transformed communication and daily life in cities, making them more interconnected and accessible.