India was divided into two different countries, India and Pakistan, primarily due to religious differences between Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims in India, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, demanded a separate nation for themselves as they feared being marginalized in a Hindu-majority country. This demand for a separate nation for Muslims, called the Two-Nation Theory, gained support and eventually led to the creation of Pakistan. Additionally, the British government believed that dividing India into two would ensure a peaceful transition of power and prevent communal violence between Hindus and Muslims. Therefore, the partition of India in 1947 was primarily based on religious and political considerations.
