In 3–4 sentences, briefly compare the role of the Church in Europe during feudalism in the Middle Ages to its role politically, socially, and economically during the Renaissance
During feudalism in the Middle Ages, the Church held immense power and authority. It played a crucial political role by exerting influence over kings and other feudal lords, often acting as arbitrators in disputes. Socially, the Church acted as the moral and spiritual center of people's lives, providing guidance, education, and support. Economically, the Church amassed vast wealth through tithes, land ownership, and trade, becoming one of the largest landowners and patrons of art and knowledge.
In contrast, during the Renaissance, the Church's political power was challenged by the emergence of nation-states and the rise of humanism. Still, it exerted significant influence in the political arena, primarily through religious diplomacy and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Socially, the Church remained a central institution but faced criticism for its corruption and indulgences, which led to the Protestant Reformation. Economically, although the Church retained considerable wealth, its role as a major economic power diminished as secular institutions and individuals gained prominence in trade and finance.