Blood is a blood fluid with specific functions. Give examples of the functions of blood in the animal body and explain how the animal body defends itself by against changes in H+ion concentration.
Kindly asking people who discovered the references for this statement above mentioned and the published year?
The functions of blood in the animal body include transportation, regulation, and protection.
1. Transportation: Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It transports nutrients from the digestive system to body cells and carries waste products to the excretory organs for elimination. Additionally, hormones and other signaling molecules are transported by blood to different parts of the body.
2. Regulation: Blood helps maintain homeostasis by regulating body temperature. It carries heat away from the core and distributes it to the skin, where it can be dissipated. Blood also plays a role in maintaining fluid balance by regulating the osmotic pressure and pH level of the body fluids.
3. Protection: Blood contains white blood cells (leukocytes) that defend the body against pathogens. These immune cells identify and destroy foreign invaders, preventing infections. Blood also serves as a clotting mechanism, ensuring that wounds are sealed and preventing excessive bleeding.
Regarding the defense mechanisms against changes in H+ ion concentration, the animal body maintains a delicate balance of pH levels to function properly. One of the primary ways the body defends itself against changes in H+ ion concentration is through the buffering system.
The buffering system in the blood involves chemical compounds, such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) and proteins, which can accept or donate hydrogen ions (H+). When there is an excess of H+ ions, bicarbonate ions accept them to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), thus preventing a rapid decrease in pH. On the other hand, if there is a shortage of H+ ions, carbonic acid donates H+ ions to restore the balance.
The references and published years for these statements cannot be provided as there is no specific source given in the question. The information mentioned above is based on general knowledge and commonly accepted scientific understanding. For precise references and detailed scientific studies, it is recommended to consult scientific literature or textbooks in physiology or biology.